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Abstract
Tiller leaf anatomical features of nine Alopecurus species collected from high mountainous areas in Turkey were evaluated in the present study. Detailed leaf anatomical descriptions of the studied taxa and an identification key generated using the anatomical features are given. Clustering and principal coordinate analysis (PCA) methods based on a total of 14 leaf anatomical characters were applied. Anatomical differences among species were detected and anatomical characters of taxonomic interest were identified in this genus. With clustering analyses, a unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) tree was obtained to show the relationship between the species studied. Based on the results of PCA, the arrangement of adaxial sclerenchyma cells, the number of adaxial ribs, the number of abaxial sclerenchyma strands, the size of epidermal cells and the number of vascular bundles are designated as the most reliable characters to separate the species.
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Copyright (c) 2023 Sinem Günaydın, Candan Aykurt
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References
- Aykurt, C., Çıngay, B., Sümbül, H., Gülben, M., Cabi, E., Öz, Z., 2022: Festuca albomontana (Poaceae), a new chasmophytic fescue from the Western Taurus Mountains (Antalya, Turkey). Acta Botanica Croatica 81, 61-69.
- Boudko, E., 2014: Phylogenetic analysis of subtribe Alopecurinae sensu lato (Poaceae). PhD Thesis, University of Ottawa.
- Cabi, E., Doğan, M., 2012: Poaceae. In: Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M., Babaç, M.T. (eds.), Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler), 690–756. Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, İstanbul (in Turkish).
- Cabi, E., Soreng, R.J., Gillespie, L.J., Boudko, E., 2017: Alopecurus goekyigitiana (Poaceae, subtribe Alopecurinae sensu stricto), a new species from Turkey based on morphological and molecular investigation. Turkish Journal of Botany 41, 189–199.
- Christenhusz, M.J., Byng, J.W., 2016: The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase. Phytotaxa 261, 201–217.
- Clayton, W.D., Renvoize, S.A., 1986: Genera Graminum: Grasses of the World, Kew Bulletin Additional Series XIII. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- Codignola, A., Maffei, M., Fusconi, A., Fieschi, M., 1987: Leaf anatomy of alpine plants as related to altitudinal stress. Nordic Journal of Botany 7, 673–685.
- Doğan, M., 1985: Alopecurus. In: Davis, P.H. (ed.), Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, vol. 9, 373–386. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
- Doğan, M., 1988: Scanning electron microscope survey of the lemma in Phleum, Pseudophleum and Rhizocephalus (Gramineae). Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh 45, 117–124.
- Doğan, M., 1997: Numerical taxonomic study on the genus Alopecurus L. (Gramineae). The Herb Journal of Systematic Botany 4, 71–76.
- Doğan, M., 1999: A concise taxonomic revision of the genus Alopecurus L. (Gramineae). Turkish Journal of Botany 23, 245–262.
- Ellis, R.P., 1976: A procedure for standardizing comparative leaf anatomy in the Poaceae. I. Leaf blade as viewed in transverse section. Bothalia 12, 65–109.
- Ellis, R.P., 1979: A procedure for standardizing comparative leaf anatomy in the Poaceae. II. The epidermis as seen in surface view. Bothalia 12, 641–671.
- Ellis, R.P., 1986: A review of comparative leaf blade anatomy in the systematics of the Poaceae: the past 25 years. In: Soderstrom, T.R., Hilu, K.W., Campbell, C.S., Barkworth, M.E. (eds.), Grass systematics and evolution, 3–10. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C.
- Kellogg, E.A., 2015: Flowering plants, monocots, Poaceae. In: Kubitski K. (ed.), The families and genera of vascular plants 3, 1–416. Springer, Cham.
- López, J., Devesa, J.A., 1991: Contribución al conocimiento de la anatomía foliar de las Aveneae (Poaceae, Pooideae) del centro-oeste de España. Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 48, 171–187.
- Martínez-Sagarra, G., Abad, P., Devesa, J.A., 2017: Study of the leaf anatomy in cross-section in the Iberian species of Festuca L. (Poaceae) and its systematic significance. PhytoKeys 83, 43–74.
- Metcalfe, C.R., 1960: Anatomy of the monocotyledons: I Gramineae. Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK.
- Soreng, R.J., Davis, J.I., Voionmaa, M.A., 2007: A phylogenetic analysis of Poaceae tribe Poeae s.l. based on morphological characters and sequence data from three chloroplast-encoded genes: evidence for reticulation for the tribe. Kew Bulletin 62, 425–454.
- Soreng, R.J., Peterson P.M., Romaschenko, K., Davidse, G., Teisher, J.K., Clark, L.G., Barberá, P., Gillespie, L.J., Zuloaga, F.O., 2017: A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) II: An update and a comparison of two 2015 classifications. Invited review. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 55, 259–290.
References
Aykurt, C., Çıngay, B., Sümbül, H., Gülben, M., Cabi, E., Öz, Z., 2022: Festuca albomontana (Poaceae), a new chasmophytic fescue from the Western Taurus Mountains (Antalya, Turkey). Acta Botanica Croatica 81, 61-69.
Boudko, E., 2014: Phylogenetic analysis of subtribe Alopecurinae sensu lato (Poaceae). PhD Thesis, University of Ottawa.
Cabi, E., Doğan, M., 2012: Poaceae. In: Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M., Babaç, M.T. (eds.), Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler), 690–756. Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, İstanbul (in Turkish).
Cabi, E., Soreng, R.J., Gillespie, L.J., Boudko, E., 2017: Alopecurus goekyigitiana (Poaceae, subtribe Alopecurinae sensu stricto), a new species from Turkey based on morphological and molecular investigation. Turkish Journal of Botany 41, 189–199.
Christenhusz, M.J., Byng, J.W., 2016: The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase. Phytotaxa 261, 201–217.
Clayton, W.D., Renvoize, S.A., 1986: Genera Graminum: Grasses of the World, Kew Bulletin Additional Series XIII. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Codignola, A., Maffei, M., Fusconi, A., Fieschi, M., 1987: Leaf anatomy of alpine plants as related to altitudinal stress. Nordic Journal of Botany 7, 673–685.
Doğan, M., 1985: Alopecurus. In: Davis, P.H. (ed.), Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, vol. 9, 373–386. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
Doğan, M., 1988: Scanning electron microscope survey of the lemma in Phleum, Pseudophleum and Rhizocephalus (Gramineae). Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh 45, 117–124.
Doğan, M., 1997: Numerical taxonomic study on the genus Alopecurus L. (Gramineae). The Herb Journal of Systematic Botany 4, 71–76.
Doğan, M., 1999: A concise taxonomic revision of the genus Alopecurus L. (Gramineae). Turkish Journal of Botany 23, 245–262.
Ellis, R.P., 1976: A procedure for standardizing comparative leaf anatomy in the Poaceae. I. Leaf blade as viewed in transverse section. Bothalia 12, 65–109.
Ellis, R.P., 1979: A procedure for standardizing comparative leaf anatomy in the Poaceae. II. The epidermis as seen in surface view. Bothalia 12, 641–671.
Ellis, R.P., 1986: A review of comparative leaf blade anatomy in the systematics of the Poaceae: the past 25 years. In: Soderstrom, T.R., Hilu, K.W., Campbell, C.S., Barkworth, M.E. (eds.), Grass systematics and evolution, 3–10. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C.
Kellogg, E.A., 2015: Flowering plants, monocots, Poaceae. In: Kubitski K. (ed.), The families and genera of vascular plants 3, 1–416. Springer, Cham.
López, J., Devesa, J.A., 1991: Contribución al conocimiento de la anatomía foliar de las Aveneae (Poaceae, Pooideae) del centro-oeste de España. Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 48, 171–187.
Martínez-Sagarra, G., Abad, P., Devesa, J.A., 2017: Study of the leaf anatomy in cross-section in the Iberian species of Festuca L. (Poaceae) and its systematic significance. PhytoKeys 83, 43–74.
Metcalfe, C.R., 1960: Anatomy of the monocotyledons: I Gramineae. Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK.
Soreng, R.J., Davis, J.I., Voionmaa, M.A., 2007: A phylogenetic analysis of Poaceae tribe Poeae s.l. based on morphological characters and sequence data from three chloroplast-encoded genes: evidence for reticulation for the tribe. Kew Bulletin 62, 425–454.
Soreng, R.J., Peterson P.M., Romaschenko, K., Davidse, G., Teisher, J.K., Clark, L.G., Barberá, P., Gillespie, L.J., Zuloaga, F.O., 2017: A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) II: An update and a comparison of two 2015 classifications. Invited review. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 55, 259–290.